A chroma signal that is modulated into the same cable as the luma signal, of course. They don't appear on Y/C signals, obviously. My point is, NTSC artifacting looks different from PAL artifacting, at least from my (limited) experience examining interlaced PAL material and my (somewhat more extensive) experience examining interlaced NTSC material. Plus, PAL has things that NTSC doesn't (like the vertical mixing of chroma, NTSC does not have this whatsoever). I'm not as well versed in the deep technical knowledge required to exactly quantify the differences, but I do know that composite PAL has a distinct look from composite NTSC (and not just the frame rate, because in my examinations I played back the PAL video at 60Hz because I was viewing it on an LCD monitor).
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